Tugas Bhs inggris bisnis 1 application latter (Riantono Pribadi 20207922 )

Attachments: 9 pages
Depok, 12 November 2009
Subject: Job Application Form

Designation,
Manager
Company Tunas Bangsa Merdeka Jl.Raya no27
Jaya Tower Building 21 floors
12580
In Place

Sincerely,

That the signatures below:

Name: Riantono Personal
Place, date of birth: Depok, August 09, 1989
Education: Bachelor of Economics SI
Address: Jl. Raya Citayam, Gg.Nyamuk RT 07 Rw 02 No.46 Kel. Pondok Jaya Kec. Pancoran Mas, Depok 16,431
No. Phone / HP: 085692174099

Submit job applications to fill the vacancy as the Marketing Manager.
Consideration, I have an attachment:
1. Photocopy of National Identity Card (KTP);
2. Photocopy of the last certificate;
3. List of CVs;
4. Copy of certificate of computer;
5. Copy of Health Certificate:
6. Copy of Certificate of Police Notes (SKCK);
7. 2 sheets of photographs size 3x4 cm.
8. Copy of identity card legalization job seekers.
9. Copy of certificate of a national competition of capital markets (KNPM)

So this letter, I made. May be a consideration of Mr / Mrs. Concern over Mr / Mrs, I thank you.


Sincerely,




(Riantono Pribadil)






CURRICULUM VITAE

My signature below:

Name: Riantono Personal
Place, date of birth: Bogor, August 09, 1989
Sex: Male
Religion: Islam
Address: Jl. Raya Citayam, Gg.Nyamuk RT 07 Rw 02 No.46 Kel. Pondok Jaya Kec. Pancoran Mas, Depok 16,431
No. Phone / HP: 085692174099


FORMAL EDUCATION:
- SD Negeri 2 Depok Passed Year 2001
- Junior High School Year 09 Depok Passed 2004
- Senior High School Year 05 Depok Passed 2007
- University Gunadarma Passed Year 2011


So this CVs list I make, with the truth. Concern over Mr / Mrs, I thank you.



Sincerely,



(Riantono Pribadi)

tugas softkils Bahas inggris bisnis 1 Riantono pribadi ( 20207922 )

History of the establishment of Dunkin Donuts
In 1940, an entrepreneur named Bill Rosenberg founded and opened a donut shop with the name Open Kettle, in the city of Boston, Quincy - Massachusetts, United States. Without his suspected donut shop thrived. This is evident from the growing number of customers who visit. Seeing the positive business development, in 1950 Rosenberg decided to change the name Open Kettle, a name that more selling. After a long process, elected a new, more promising is Dunkin 'Donuts. In line with the change of name, dirintislah franchise system (franchise).

Year after year passed. Advances and the fame a Dunkin 'Donuts even more unstoppable. Even in 1970, Dunkin 'Donuts has become an international brand with a tremendous reputation in product quality and service. Reputation and fame were also likely to attract interest and Allied Domecq - an international company in charge of Togo's and Baskin Robins - to buy Dunkin 'Donuts of the Rosenberg family. Purchase and acquisition of companies from Rosenberg's family finally agreed and carried out with a friendship in 1983.

Despite the ownership change, Allied Domecq still trying to maintain a management system has been running at Dunkin 'Donuts. If there is to be changed, the changes made in small scale. Only one ambition is to be the management of Allied Domecq helped Dunkin 'Donuts expanding in international markets. To realize these ambitions, standardization throughout diberlakukanlah counter Dunkin 'Donuts. In addition, various marketing strategies as well start telling launched, as always trying to update the design in accordance with the trend, focus on product quality and working to maximize customer satisfaction. With the support of human resources that are reliable, in a short time ambition achieved Allied Domecq. Dunkin 'Donuts successfully expand the market so that the outlet is amazing not only spread in the Americas, but also in continental Europe and Asia.

tugas softkils Bahas inggris bisnis 1 Riantono pribadi ( 20207922 )

History of the establishment of Dunkin Donuts
In 1940, an entrepreneur named Bill Rosenberg founded and opened a donut shop with the name Open Kettle, in the city of Boston, Quincy - Massachusetts, United States. Without his suspected donut shop thrived. This is evident from the growing number of customers who visit. Seeing the positive business development, in 1950 Rosenberg decided to change the name Open Kettle, a name that more selling. After a long process, elected a new, more promising is Dunkin 'Donuts. In line with the change of name, dirintislah franchise system (franchise).

Year after year passed. Advances and the fame a Dunkin 'Donuts even more unstoppable. Even in 1970, Dunkin 'Donuts has become an international brand with a tremendous reputation in product quality and service. Reputation and fame were also likely to attract interest and Allied Domecq - an international company in charge of Togo's and Baskin Robins - to buy Dunkin 'Donuts of the Rosenberg family. Purchase and acquisition of companies from Rosenberg's family finally agreed and carried out with a friendship in 1983.

Despite the ownership change, Allied Domecq still trying to maintain a management system has been running at Dunkin 'Donuts. If there is to be changed, the changes made in small scale. Only one ambition is to be the management of Allied Domecq helped Dunkin 'Donuts expanding in international markets. To realize these ambitions, standardization throughout diberlakukanlah counter Dunkin 'Donuts. In addition, various marketing strategies as well start telling launched, as always trying to update the design in accordance with the trend, focus on product quality and working to maximize customer satisfaction. With the support of human resources that are reliable, in a short time ambition achieved Allied Domecq. Dunkin 'Donuts successfully expand the market so that the outlet is amazing not only spread in the Americas, but also in continental Europe and Asia.

tugas soft skill bahasa inggris bisnis 1 riantono p (20207922)

INFLATION

Inflation Definition
Inflation can be defined as the tendency of rising prices of goods and services generally held constant due to unequal flow of goods and the flow of money.
From this we can see the condition of a country that is experiencing inflation, namely:
1. Prices of goods in general will rise continuously
2. the money supply exceeds demand
3. value for money has decreased
TYPE-KIND INFLATION
From the above description we can conclude that inflation is happening in a country of different kinds. This depends on the cause. Inflation is divided into:
a. According to the severity or the rate of inflation, including:
1) Inflation Lightweight (CreepingInflation)
Inflation level is still below 10% a year
2) Inflation Medium
Inflation level lies between 10% - 30% a year
3) Inflation Weight
Inflation level lies between 30% - 100% a year
4) hyperinflation
Severity level of inflation is above 100%


Based on the incidence of inflation
- Inflation that comes from the domestic (domestic inflation), inflation was caused by state budget deficit and the resulting failure of the market price of basic needs to be expensive.
- Inflation comes from abroad (imported inflation), occurs because the increase in prices of goods in other countries, the production cost of foreign goods is high, the increase rate of imports of goods






3. Based on the causes of the emergence of inflation, can be classified:
a. Pull demand (demand pull inflation)
This inflation occurs because the aggregate demand all kinds of things will continue to increase, for example:
- Increase in government spending financed by printing new money
- Increase in private investment spending because of the ease of bank credit
b. Pressure cost (cost push inflation)
This inflation caused by rising production costs, usually beginning with:
- Increase in production costs, such as wage increases, rising prices of capital
- Reduction in the number of bidding
- Rising prices coupled with decreasing number of production
c. Inflation mixture, due to a combination of elements and pull inflation cost-push inflation.
d. Imported inflation, due to the influence of foreign inflation and the existence of trade between countries.
For example: a country experiencing inflation, then the production of these countries
required by other countries and imported, the price of these goods increased.

Impact of Inflation
Impact of inflation on the economy that will ultimately affect the level of community prosperity, following the negative impact of inflation:
1. Distribution of income there are parties affected, including:
a. Inflation would be detrimental to their fixed income, such as civil servants. For example, the amir of a public servant being paid Rp. 60,000,000 a year and 10% inflation rate. When Amir income has not changed, then it will decline in real income by 10% x Rp. 60,000,000 = Rp. 6,000,000.
b. Losses will be experienced for those who keep wealth in the form of cash.
c. Losses will be experienced by creditors, if the interest rate provided the loan is lower than inflation.
On the other hand there are beneficiaries of inflation:
- The percentage of income that exceeds the percentage increase in inflation
- Those who have wealth is not in cash but in goods or gold.
2. Impact on efficiency, impact on:
- The production process in the use of production factors to be inefficient in time of inflation
- Changes in people's purchasing power to affect the structure of public demand for some types of goods
3. Impact of inflation on output (production):
- Inflation can cause an increase in production. Usually in a state of inflation of goods prices will precede the increase in salary, it is profitable producers
- If the rate of inflation is too high will result in decrease of production yield, because the real value of money will fall and people are not happy to have the cash, as a result of exchange between goods carried by goods.
4. Effects of inflation against unemployment
A country that tried to stop the high inflation rate, meaning at the same time would create unemployment.



HOW TO OVERCOME INFLATION
Efforts to overcome inflation should start from the causes of inflation in order to find a way out. Theoretically to cope with inflation is relatively easy, in particular by overcoming the main base, reducing the amount of money in circulation.
The following policies are expected to tackle inflation:
1. Monetary policy, all government policies in the monetary field with the aim of maintaining monetary stability to improve the welfare of the people.
These policies include:
a. Politics discounts, by reducing the money supply by raising interest rates, it is expected the demand for credit will be reduced.
b. Open market operations, reducing the money supply by selling SBI
c. Increase cash reserves, so the money is distributed by commercial banks to be reduced
d. Selective credit, central bank policy to reduce the amount of money in circulation by means of granting credit
e. Politics sanering, this is done when it happened hyper inflation, BI was never done on December 13, 1965 which cut the money from Rp.1.000 be Rp.1


2. Fiscal Policy, can be done by:
a. raise tax rates, expected by society to deposit some more money to the government as tax payments, thus reducing the amount of money in circulation.
b. Organize government revenues and expenditures
c. Conducting government loans, such as cutting government civil servant salaries 10% for savings, this happened during the old order.

3. Non-Monetary Policy, can be done through:
a. Increase production, the Government provides subsidies to the industry to be more productive and produce more output, so the price will be down.
b. Wage policy, the government appealed to unions not to ask for a raise while being inflation.
c. Supervision prices, government policies to determine the maximum prices for certain goods.
4. GOVERNMENT POLICY IN COPING WITH INFLATION
Discussion until the effects of inflation, then I can conclude that inflation causes the vast changes in the economic activities of society. While connected to the current situation of course you easily get the negative symptoms of the simplest inflation, prices rose as a whole. Do you feel the impact?
Inflation must be overcome and to overcome it can be done by government policy concerning several areas of monetary, fiscal and non-monetary. The explanation of these policies will be outlined below.
a. Monetary policy is a policy that aims to increase national income by changing the amount of money in circulation. The cause of inflation between the money supply too much, so with these policies is expected amount of money in circulation can be reduced to normal conditions. To carry out this policy of Bank Indonesia to execute some political / policy ie policy discounts, open market policy and raised the cash ratio.
1) Political Discount intended to raise interest rates because the interest rate is high, the economic activity that uses the loan funds will be captured for the loan capital to be expensive.
2) Political Open Market is done by offering securities to capital markets. In this way the people expected to buy securities such as SBI, which has a high interest rate, and this is an effort to get money circulating in the community decreased in number.
3) Cash reserve ratio means prescribed by the Central Bank to commercial banks whose magnitude depends on the decision of the central bank / government. With the way up the comparison between the money supply with money to settle in cash resulted in the ability of banks to create credit decreases and therefore the amount of money in circulation will be reduced.

b. Fiscal policy is a policy with the financial berhubugan government. The shape of this policy include:
1) Reduction in government spending, so that overall spending in the economy can be controlled.
2) Raise taxes, will result in reduced public revenue and money of this effect on people's purchasing power is declining, and certainly the demand for goods and services must be reduced consumptive nature.



c. Non-Monetary policy can be done by raising production, wage policies and price controls and distribution of goods.
1) Menaikan production, is quite an effective way to remember the inflation caused by increases in consumption goods is not commensurate with the amount of money in circulation. Therefore, the government has made a priority of production or provide assistance (subsidy) to the fuel production sector, production of rice.
2) wage policy, not the other is an attempt to stabilize wages, in the sense that wages are not often raised because of the increase is relatively frequent will increase purchasing power and ultimately will increase the demand for goods overall and will eventually lead to inflation .
3) Monitoring the price and distribution of goods not intended to be the price increase occurs, it is like the government in setting the highest price (the highest retail price / HET). Good price controls will not work without supervision. Good supervision will usually cause the black market. To avoid the black market distribution of goods must be carried out smoothly, as did the government through Bulog or KUD.


Some of the things associated with inflation:
1. Deflation, the purchasing power of money has increased, because the amount of money in circulation is relatively less than the amount of goods and services available. The purpose of the devaluation was to increase exports of goods, balance of payments into a surplus.
2. DEFRESIASI, decreased the exchange rate against foreign currencies is happening in financial markets.
3. APPRECIATION, increase the value of a currency exchange rate against foreign currencies is happening in financial markets.
4. OPEN INFLATION, circumstances in which the prices move out of control, and there is excess demand for goods.
5. SANERING, cutting the value of currency by the government.
6. Revaluation, the government policy to raise the value of domestic currency against foreign currencies.
7. Devaluation, government policies to reduce the value of domestic currency against foreign currencies on purpose. Deflation could be solved by increasing government spending, increase public spending.



INFLATION REPORT (Consumer Price Index)
Based on the calculation of annual inflation

Timeseries Graph

Month Year Inflation Rate
8.60% February 2009
9:17% in January 2009
December 2008 11:06%
November 2008 11.68%
October 2008 11.77%
September 2008 12:14%
August 2008 11.85%
July 2008 11.90%
June 2008 11:03%
May 2008 10:38%
April 2008 8.96%
March 2008 8.17%
February 2008 7.40%
7:36% in January 2008
6:59% in December 2007
November 2007 6.71%
6.88% October 2007
September 2007 6.95%
6:51% in August 2007
6:06% July 2007

Inflasi

INFLASI

Definisi Inflasi
Inflasi dapat diartikan sebagai kecenderungan kenaikan harga barang dan jasa secara umum yang berlangsung secara terus-menerus akibat tidak seimbangnya arus barang dan arus uang.
Dari hal tersebut kita dapat melihat kondisi suatu negara yang sedang mengalami inflasi, yaitu:
1. Harga barang pada umumnya akan naik terus-menerus
2. jumlah uang yang beredar melebihi kebutuhan
3. nilai uang mengalami penurunan
MACAM-MACAM INFLASI
Dari uraian di atas kita sudah dapat menyimpulkan bahwa inflasi yang terjadi di suatu negara tentu jenisnya berbeda-beda. Hal ini tergantung dari penyebabnya. Inflasi terbagi atas:
a. Menurut tingkat keparahan atau laju inflasi, meliputi:
1) Inflasi Ringan(CreepingInflation)
Inflasi yang tingkatannya masih di bawah 10% setahun
2) Inflasi Sedang
Inflasi yang tingkatannya berada diantara 10% - 30% setahun
3) Inflasi Berat
Inflasi yang tingkatannya berada diantara 30% - 100% setahun
4) HiperInflasi
Inflasi yang tingkat keparahannya berada di atas 100%


Berdasarkan timbulnya inflasi
- inflasi yang berasal dari dalam negeri (domestic inflation), inflasi ini timbul karena defisit anggaran belanja negara dan gagalnya pasar yang berakibat harga kebutuhan pokok menjadi mahal.
- inflasi yang berasal dari luar negeri (imported inflation), terjadi karena kenaikan harga barang di negara lain, biaya produksi barang luar negeri tinggi, kenaikan impor tarif barang






3. Berdasarkan sebab-sebab timbulnya inflasi, dapat digolongkan:
a. Tarikan permintaan (demand pull inflation)
inflasi ini terjadi karena permintaan agregat masyarakat akan berbagai macam barang terus meningkat, misalnya:
- bertambahnya pengeluaran pemerintah yang dibiayai dengan pencetakan uang baru
- bertambahnya pengeluaran investasi swasta karena kemudahan kredit bank
b. Desakan biaya (cost push inflation)
inflasi ini diakibatkan oleh kenaikan ongkos produksi, biasanya diawali dengan:
- kenaikan biaya produksi, seperti kenaikan upah, kenaikan harga bahan modal
- berkurangnya jumlah penawaran
- naiknya harga barang yang dibarengi dengan turunnya jumlah produksi
c. Inflasi campuran, terjadi karena kombinasi unsur inflasi tarikan dan inflasi dorongan biaya.
d. Inflasi impor, terjadi karena pengaruh inflasi luar negeri dan adanya perdagangan antar negara.
Misalnya: suatu negara sedang mengalami inflasi, kemudian hasil produksi dari negara tersebut
dibutuhkan oleh negara lain dan diimpor, maka harga barang tersebut meningkat.

Dampak Inflasi
Dampak inflasi terhadap perekonomian yang pada akhirnya akan berpengaruh kepada tingkat kemakmuran masyarakat, berikut ini dampak negatif dari inflasi:
1. Terhadap distribusi pendapatan ada pihak-pihak yang dirugikan, diantaranya:
a. Inflasi akan merugikan bagi mereka yang berpendapatan tetap, seperti; pegawai negeri. Contoh, amir seorang pegawai negeri memperoleh gaji Rp. 60.000.000 setahun dan laju inflasi 10%. Bila penghasilan Amir tidak mengalami perubahan, maka ia akan mengalami penurunan pendapatan riil sebesar 10% x Rp. 60.000.000 = Rp. 6.000.000.
b. Kerugian akan dialami bagi mereka yang menyimpan kekayaan dalam bentuk uang tunai.
c. Kerugian akan dialami para kreditur, bila bunga pinjaman yang diberikan lebih rendah dari inflasi.
Di lain pihak ada yang diuntungkan dengan adanya inflasi:
- Orang yang persentase pendapatannya melebihi persentase kenaikan inflasi
- mereka yang memiliki kekayaan bukan dalam bentuk uang tunai, tetapi dalam bentuk barang atau emas.
2. Dampak terhadap efisiensi, berpengaruh pada:
- proses produksi dalam penggunaan faktor-faktor produksi menjadi tidak efesien pada saat terjadi inflasi
- perubahan daya beli masyarakat yang berdampak terhadap struktur permintaan masyarakat terhadap beberapa jenis barang
3. Dampak inflasi terhadap output (hasil produksi):
- inflasi bisa menyebabkan kenaikan produksi. Biasanya dalam keadaan inflasi kenaikan harga barang akan mendahului kenaikan gaji, hal ini yang menguntungkan produsen
- bila laju inflasi terlalu tinggi akan berakibat turunnya jumlah hasil produksi, dikarenakan nilai riil uang akan turun dan masyarakat tidak senang memiliki uang tunai, akibatnya pertukaran dilakukan antara barang dengan barang.
4. Dampak inflasi terhadap pengangguran
Suatu negara yang berusaha menghentikan laju inflasi yang tinggi, berarti pada saat yang sama akan menciptakan pengangguran.



CARA MENGATASI INFLASI
Usaha untuk mengatasi terjadinya inflasi harus dimulai dari penyebab terjadinya inflasi supaya dapat dicari jalan keluarnya. Secara teoritis untuk mengatasi inflasi relatif mudah, yaitu dengan cara mengatasi pokok pangkalnya, mengurangi jumlah uang yang beredar.
Berikut ini kebijakan yang diharapkan dapat mengatasi inflasi:
1. Kebijakan Moneter, segala kebijakan pemerintah di bidang moneter dengan tujuan menjaga kestabilan moneter untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat.
Kebijakan ini meliputi:
a. Politik diskonto, dengan mengurangi jumlah uang yang beredar dengan cara menaikan suku bunga bank, hal ini diharapkan permintaan kredit akan berkurang.
b. Operasi pasar terbuka, mengurangi jumlah uang yang beredar dengan cara menjual SBI
c. Menaikan cadangan kas, sehingga uang yang diedarkan oleh bank umum menjadi berkurang
d. Kredit selektif, politik bank sentral untuk mengurangi jumlah uang yang beredar dengan cara memperketat pemberian kredit
e. Politik sanering, ini dilakukan bila sudah terjadi hiper inflasi, ini pernah dilakukan BI pada tanggal 13 Desember 1965 yang melakukan pemotongan uang dari Rp.1.000 menjadi Rp.1


2. Kebijakan Fiskal, dapat dilakukan dengan cara:
a. menaikkan tarif pajak, diharapkan masyarakat akan menyetor uang lebih banyak kepada pemerintah sebagai pembayaran pajak, sehingga dapat mengurangi jumlah uang yang beredar.
b. Mengatur penerimaan dan pengeluaran pemerintah
c. Mengadakan pinjaman pemerintah, misalnya pemerintah memotong gaji pegawai negeri 10% untuk ditabung, ini terjadi pada masa orde lama.

3. Kebijakan Non Moneter, dapat dilakukan melalui:
a. Menaikan hasil produksi, Pemerintah memberikan subsidi kepada industri untuk lebih produktif dan menghasilkan output yang lebih banyak, sehingga harga akan menjadi turun.
b. Kebijakan upah, pemerintah menghimbau kepada serikat buruh untuk tidak meminta kenaikan upah disaat sedang inflasi.
c. Pengawasan harga, kebijakan pemerintah dengan menentukan harga maksimum bagi barang-barang tertentu.
4. KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DALAM MENGATASI DAMPAK INFLASI
Sampai pembahasan dampak inflasi, maka Saya dapat menyimpulkan bahwa inflasi menyebabkan perubahan yang sangat luas terhadap kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat. Jika dihubungkan dengan keadaan sekarang tentunya dengan mudah Anda mendapatkan gejala-gejala negatif dari inflasi yang paling sederhana, harga-harga naik secara menyeluruh. Apakah Anda merasakan dampak tersebut?
Inflasi tentunya harus diatasi dan untuk mengatasinya dapat dilakukan pemerintah dengan cara melakukan beberapa kebijakan yang menyangkut bidang moneter, fiskal dan non moneter. Adapun penjelasan kebijakan tersebut akan diuraikan di bawah ini.
a. Kebijakan Moneter adalah kebijakan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan nasional dengan cara mengubah jumlah uang yang beredar. Penyebab inflasi diantara jumlah uang yang beredar terlalu banyak sehingga dengan kebijakan ini diharapkan jumlah uang yang beredar dapat dikurangi menuju kondisi normal. Untuk menjalankan kebijakan ini Bank Indonesia menjalankan beberapa politik/kebijakan yaitu politik diskonto, politik pasar terbuka dan menaikan cash ratio.
1) Politik Diskonto ditujukan untuk menaikan tingkat bunga karena dengan bunga kredit tinggi maka aktivitas ekonomi yang menggunakan dana pinjaman akan tertahan karena modal pinjaman menjadi mahal.
2) Politik Pasar Terbuka dilakukan dengan cara menawarkan surat berharga ke pasar modal. Dengan cara ini diharapkan masyarakat membeli surat berharga tersebut seperti SBI yang memiliki tingkat bunga tinggi, dan ini merupakan upaya agar uang yang beredar di masyarakat mengalami penurunan jumlahnya.
3) Cash Ratio artinya cadangan yang diwajibkan oleh Bank Sentral kepada bank-bank umum yang besarnya tergantung kepada keputusan dari bank sentral/pemerintah. Dengan jalan menaikan perbandingan antara uang yang beredar dengan uang yang mengendap di dalam kas mengakibatkan kemampuan bank untuk menciptakan kredit berkurang sehingga jumlah uang yang beredar akan berkurang.

b. Kebijakan Fiskal adalah kebijakan yang berhubugan dengan finansial pemerintah. Bentuk kebijakan ini antara lain:
1) Pengurangan pengeluaran pemerintah, sehingga pengeluaran keseluruhan dalam perekonomian bisa dikendalikan.
2) Menaikkan pajak, akan mengakibatkan penerimaan uang masyarakat berkurang dan ini berpengaruh pada daya beli masyarakat yang menurun, dan tentunya permintaan akan barang dan jasa yang bersifat konsumtif tentunya berkurang.



c. Kebijakan Non-Moneter dapat dilakukan dengan cara menaikan hasil produksi, kebijakan upah dan pengawasan harga dan distribusi barang.
1) Menaikan hasil produksi, cara ini cukup efektif mengingat inflasi disebabkan oleh kenaikan jumlah barang konsumsi tidak seimbang dengan jumlah uang yang beredar. Oleh karena itu pemerintah membuat prioritas produksi atau memberi bantuan (subsidi) kepada sektor produksi bahan bakar, produksi beras.
2) Kebijakan upah, tidak lain merupakan upaya menstabilkan upah/gaji, dalam pengertian bahwa upah tidak sering dinaikan karena kenaikan yang relatif sering dilakukan akan dapat meningkatkan daya beli dan pada akhirnya akan meningkatkan permintaan terhadap barang-barang secara keseluruhan dan pada akhirnya akan menimbulkan inflasi.
3) Pengawasan harga dan distribusi barang dimaksudkan agar harga tidak terjadi kenaikan, hal ini seperti yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam menetapkan harga tertinggi (harga eceran tertinggi/HET). Pengendalian harga yang baik tidak akan berhasil tanpa ada pengawasan. Pengawasan yang baik biasanya akan menimbulkan pasar gelap. Untuk menghindari pasar gelap maka distribusi barang harus dapat dilakukan dengan lancar, seperti yang dilakukan pemerintah melalui Bulog atau KUD.


Beberapa hal yang berhubungan dengan inflasi:
1. DEFLASI, daya beli uang yang mengalami peningkatan, karena jumlah uang yang beredar relatif lebih sedikit dari jumlah barang dan jasa yang tersedia. Tujuan dari devaluasi adalah untuk meningkatkan ekspor barang, neraca pembayaran menjadi surplus.
2. DEFRESIASI, penurunan nilai tukar mata uang terhadap mata uang asing yang terjadi di pasar uang.
3. APRESIASI, kenaikan nilai tukar suatu mata uang terhadap mata uang asing yang terjadi di pasar uang.
4. INFLASI TERBUKA, keadaan dimana harga-harga bergerak tak terkendali, serta terdapat kelebihan permintaan terhadap barang.
5. SANERING, pemotongan nilai mata uang yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah.
6. REVALUASI, kebijakan pemerintah untuk menaikan nilai mata uang dalam negeri terhadap valuta asing.
7. DEVALUASI, kebijakan pemerintah untuk menurunkan nilai mata uang dalam negeri terhadap valuta asing dengan sengaja. Deflasi dapat di atasi dengan cara pemerintah menambah pembelanjaan, masyarakat menambah pengeluaran.



LAPORAN INFLASI (Indeks Harga Konsumen)
Berdasarkan perhitungan inflasi tahunan

Grafik Timeseries

Bulan Tahun Tingkat Inflasi
Februari 2009 8.60 %
Januari 2009 9.17 %
Desember 2008 11.06 %
November 2008 11.68 %
Oktober 2008 11.77 %
September 2008 12.14 %
Agustus 2008 11.85 %
Juli 2008 11.90 %
Juni 2008 11.03 %
Mei 2008 10.38 %
April 2008 8.96 %
Maret 2008 8.17 %
Februari 2008 7.40 %
Januari 2008 7.36 %
Desember 2007 6.59 %
November 2007 6.71 %
Oktober 2007 6.88 %
September 2007 6.95 %
Agustus 2007 6.51 %
Juli 2007 6.06 %




Sumber : www.Bi.go.id

Tugas Bhs inggris Purchase Order

Harapan Jaya Company
JL. Citayam Raya
Jakarta 10467



Your Ref : AS / D / 2A
Our Ref : DP / A / b3


22th October, 2009


Mr. Green White
Manager
PT. Aman Sejahtera Electronics
Jl. Raya Merdeka no.25
Surabaya 12345



Dear Mr. Green,

Subject : Purchase Order No. 193 R

We have received your letter of 15th October 2009. Thanks for your letter and catalogues, price list , term of payment and also term of delivery.

We have to read and studied your catalogue. We’re very interesting with your product quality and as the price in your letter are very satisfactory and to rise.

We are very glad if you would accept our order and to deliver the following goods. We shall pay for the goods by banker’s transfer on receipt of your pro-forma invoice. We would like if you should send our order to my warehouse address within 2 weeks.

We look forward to receiving your advice of delivery by return


Yours sincerely,


Riantono pribadi
Purchase Manager



Harapan Jaya Company
JL. Citayam Raya
Jakarta 10467



Purchase Order No.193 R


To : PT. Aman Sejahtera Electronics
Jl. Raya Merdeka No. 25
Surabaya 12345

Date : 22th October, 2009


QTY Please Supply :
Item Catalogue
No : Price Unit (Rp) Total (Rp)
100 Sharp Washing Machine A 1135 2.500.000. 250.000.000
50 Sanyo Washing Machine B 750 1.500.000 75.000.000
50 Denpoo Vacuum Cleaners C 150 3.000.000 150.000.000
50 Sharp Vacuum Cleaners D 135 2.000.000 100.000.000
Total 575.000.000


Delivery Date
Requeired Terms For Harapan Jaya Company

05th Nov, 2009
2 Weeks from Receipt
Riantono Pribadi